"We demonstrate optical cross-sectional imaging system implemented with high-resolution interferometry and present oral diagnostic imaging results obtained without any physical sectioning. High-resolution interferometry could be performed with utilizing broadband optical source and employment of beam scanning device to high-resolution interferometer constitutes optical imaging system for non-invasive cross-sectional view at real-time. The optical imaging system is implemented with fiber-optic devices for compactness and optical probe head is realized by using single mode optical fiber and miniaturized actuator, which is properly designed for the application to dental imaging. The basic performance of the optical imaging system, for example, such as resolution, imaging depth, and sensitivity is suggested to prove high-resolution optical imaging performance. Feasibility of the developed optical imaging system performance in the application of dental diagnostic is proved with demonstrating non-invasively obtained cross-sectional images. The imaging quality suggested in the images could be applied to assessment of oral diseases and used for alternative imaging modality to X-ray diagnostic method overcoming disadvantage of low-image resolution. The imaging performance enabling real-time image reconstruction also could be exploited as early oral diagnostic apparatus prior to microscopic observation under H&E staining. "

"Pemphigus is an autoimmune blistering disease characterized by autoantibodies against epidermal adhesion molecules, desmogleins. Pemphigus vulgaris is most common and shows intraepidermal vesicles caused by the breaking apart of epidermal cells, acantholysis. A 65 years old male patient complained of severe mucosa ulceration on his right mandibular retromolar pad area where traumatic injuries occurred during mastication. He also had multifocal round skin ulcerations, less than 7~8mm in diameter and showed habitual onset and disappeared soon. At this time he was anxious about his oral ulceration with a cancer phobia, thereby a biopsy was made to rule out any malignancy in the ulceration. The histology examination showed multifocal suprabasal splits forming vesicles and erosion. The suprabasal splits were linear and parallel to the basal cell layer. The immunostain of IgK was strongly positive in the vesicular fluid as well as the cell membranes of dissociating keratinocytes, and also positive in many plasma cells infiltrated into the subepithelial zone. TNFα, IL‐1, ‐8, ‐28 for the pro‐inflammatory reaction were weakly expressed, while IL‐6 was strongly positive in the acantholytic keratinocytes of vesicle forming area. β‐defensin‐1, ‐2, ‐3 for the innate immunity were diffusely positive in the involved epithelium. The cell survival proteins, pAKT and HSP‐70 were diffusely positive in the epithelium, while the apoptosis protein, PARP was consistently positive in some acantholytic keratinocytes. These findings indicated that the vesicle formation occurred by autoantibody reaction without the activation of pro‐inflammatory and cell‐mediated immune reactions. The lesion was diagnosed pemphigus vulgaris with abrupt onset of epithelial vesicles at the predisposing areas of traumatic injuries by type II hypersenstitive immune reaction."

"Oral squamous papilloma (OSP) is a common benign lesion of the oral mucosa that is induced by the human papillomavirus. To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of OSP, we selected 135 patients diagnosed at the Seoul National University Dental Hospital. OSPs occurring in Koreans had a slight female predilection, with the male to female ratio being 1:1.6. The age ranged from 4 to 80 years old (average age: 47 years). The most frequent location was the soft palate (43.7%), followed by the tongue and gingiva. 11.1% of all patients presented with pain. There have been no reported cases of recurrence. On microscopic examination, two‐thirds of the lesions were parakeratinized, with almost all cases (99%) containing the koilocytes. In conclusion, there were no significant differences between the clinicopathological features of OSP in Korean and findings from previous studies. "

"This study was performed to elucidate the stage of stress of TaeKwondo Athletics. Every Athletics feel stress before game, especially TaeKwondo Athletics feel more stress. I used the relaxing technic to experimental group which were listening light music or thinking. There are many kinds of relaxing method. Eperiments were checked by G.S.R. and Spo2. G.S.R. of experimental group were smaller change than control group. Spo2 had no significant change in both group. It suggested that relaxing before game could reduce the stress, but no effect in Spo2."

"Dental implants were used for reconstruction of oromaxillofacial defects and they were widely used in dental and medical fields. The implant materials are various , including titanium and ceramics such as zirconium. The property of implant materials have biocompatibility and mechanical strength. Titanium has direct bone anchorage without any other tissues between implant's interface. many researcher's had studied for raising the osseointegration success rate through various method. It was reported over 95% success ratio. many researcher's study the enhancing the speed of bone remodelling and osseointegration. Low Level Laser Therapy is one of the method to accelerlate the speed of bone remodelling and osseointegration. Thus it raise initial stability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of diode laser irradiation for ossoeintegration in implant interface and between the implants threads. 24 New Zealand white rabbits which were about 3Kg, used for experiment. 2 implant's were implanted every rabbit's tibia. 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks after implantation, tissue sample were removed from sacrificed rabbit's tibia. 8 rabbit's were sacrificed every 2, 4, 8 weeks and undecalcified sample were got from tissue sample. The undecalcified samples were investigated by optical microscope. 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks experimental groups which were irradiated low level laser therapy showed rapid bone remodelling than control groups. it showed many difference especially in initial stage. Low level laser irradiation increase the volume of new bone formation in implant interface . It was suggested that there were many influence in bone remodelling in early stage, because these were many differences between experimental and control groups. Low level laser irradiation were helpful for immediate loading implant."

"Gingival fibroblasts (GF) are the most abundant cell type in periodontal connective tissues, andhave distinct functional activities in the repair of periodontal tissues and in inflammatory periodontal diseases. Human gingival fibroblasts (hGF) can be used for periodontal tissue engineering. This study examined whether the alkaline phosphatase of hGF is enhanced by recombinant human BMP-4 and/or Anti human BMP-4 antibody. hGF was obtained from the excised gingival tissue of an implant patient undergoing 2nd surgery. The tissue was incubated at 37℃ in 5% CO2 and 95% humidity, and the cultivating media was changed every 2 days. The 2nd passage hGF cells were cultured in a medium containing Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1 X antibiotic antimycotic solution. The control hGF was cultured for 7 days without rhBMP-4/Anti human BMP-4 antibody. The experimental groups were cultured for 7 with BMP-4 (10 ng/ml) and/or Anti human BMP-4 antibody. This study evaluated the differentiation of hGF to osteoblasts using alkaline phosphatase assay. In the experimental groups, the hGF showed abundant positive ALP staining. Among the experimental groups, the experimental group 3 (mixture of rhBMP-4 (20ng/㎖) and Anti human BMP-4 antibody (50000ng/㎖) showed most abundant positive ALP staining. In the control group, the hGF showed weak positive ALP staining. Overall, these results suggest that the ALP expression of hGF can enhanced by rhBMP-4 or mixture of rhBMP-4/ anti human BMP-4 antibody."

"It is well known that oral pathology is an essential bridge between basic and clinical science in dental field. Although oral pathology has been introduced to Korean dental science since 1945, there is not yet presented about oral pathologic history. The purpose of this study were to summarize and to introduce Korean oral pathologic history in serial form for Korean oral pathologist."

"Clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare malignant neoplasm of salivary gland that represents only 1% of all salivary gland tumors. CCA is histopathologically characterized by monotonous, glycogen-rich, round to ovoid clear cells intermixed with hyalinized stroma. However, other salivary gland tumors such as mucoepidermoid carcinoma, acinic cell adenocarcinoma, oncocytoma, epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma, and myoepithelial carcinoma should be ruled out to diagnosis CCA. We herein report a case of CCA involving the soft palate in a 56-year-old female. It is essential to consider CCA in the differential diagnoses of clear cell tumors."

"Development of squamous cell carcinoma around dental implants is an uncommon clinical manifestation with only a few cases described in the literature. Recently, we observed primary squamous cell carcinoma that developed from leukoplakia around dental implants. We report this case to emphasize the importance of careful oral examination, for implant surgery has to be preceded by thorough evaluation of oral mucosal conditions. "

"Chronic inflammation is widely considered to predispose individuals to cancer. Microorganisms facilitate recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells and thus allow release of inflammatory mediators. These molecules can then promote accumulation of mutations, leading to tumor development in the host. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a pathogen causing chronic periodontitis, is detected in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues. Considering a strong link between chronic inflammation and tumor development, functional consequences of P. gingivalis infection may include malignant transformation of the host cells. In this study, we monitored transcriptional changes induced by invasion of P. gingivalis in OSCC cells using microarrays. Our preliminary results suggest changes in a wide range of genes involved in inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy, tumor progression, and carcinogenesis. Further studies on molecular mechanisms underlying these changes will lay a useful foundation to elucidate the role of microorganism-related inflammation and for the development of preventive and therapeutic agents for oral cancer."

"Smoking is a risk factor for oral leukoplakia and oral cancer, as well as lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases and many other systemic diseases. Smoking is considered increasing factor of some oral diseases involved indigenous bacteria. In addition, a relationship between smoking and infection of Human papillomavirus (HPV), which is associated with oropharyngeal cancer, remains unclear. The aim of this study is to assess whether smoking has an impact on increase of bacteria inducing oral disease such as dental caries and periodontitis, and HPV infection. DNA of saliva gathered from smokers and non-smokers, consisted of men and women, was analyzed using PCR. Oral disease-causing bacteria were more detected in men smokers than men non-smokers and HPV was most found in women non-smokers. Taken together, this study suggests smoking is related with variation of oral microorganism existence in some way."

"It is well known that oral pathology is an essential bridge between basic and clinical science in dental field. Although oral pathology has been introduced to Korean dental science since 1945, there is not yet presented about oral pathologic history. The purpose of this study are to summarize and to introduce Korean oral pathologic history in serial form for Korean oral pathologists."