Currently, implants are widely used in dental and medical fields. Especially dental implants are widely used for reconstructionof oral and maxillofacial defects. Many researcher's had studied for raising the osseointegration throughvarious method. It was reported high success rate. Also they study the enhancing the speed of bone remodelling andosseointegration. Low level laser therapy is introduced one of the methods to accelerate the speed of bone remodellingand osseointegration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of diode laser irradiation about to raiseossoeintegration. Twenty four New Zealand white rabbits which were about 3Kg were used for experiment. Two implantswere implanted same side of rabbits tibia. Diode laser was irradiated 1cm diameter, 0.5 watt power, 1 minute duration atperiphery of one of implants. Eight rab b its were sacrificed every 2, 4, 8 weeks, made undecalcified sample. We investigatedin the undecalcified samples histological and histomorphometrc analysis by light microscope. The results were asfollows. 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks experimental groups which were showed rapid bone remodelling than control groups.They showed many difference especially in early healing time. Bone Implant contact rate were 47% in 2 weeks experimentalgroup. 28% in 2 weeks control groups, 82% in 4 weeks experimental groups, 62% in 4 weeks control groups,98% in 8 weeks experimental groups and 84% in 8 weeks control groups then experimental groups show statistically significantdifference(p＜0.05). Bone remodelling area rate inside the implant threads were 49% in 2 weeks experimentalgroups. 31% in 2 weeks control groups, 90% in 4 weeks experimental groups, 82% in 4 weeks control groups, 99% in 8weeks experimental groups and 97% in 8 weeks control groups then 2,4 weeks experimental groups show statisticallysignificant difference(p＜0.05). Implant-bone contact length rate and bone remodelling area rate were no significant differenceof linear regression equation of control and experimental groups then bone remodelling were different at earlyhealing time but there were no differences of time changes. According to above results, one of the low level lasers diodelaser irradiation was effected on the volume of new bone formation in implant interface and between the implantsthreads. Low level laser irradiation were helpful for initial stage of bone remodelling.

is a hard connective tissue, produced by cementoblasts during tooth root formation, which provides for theattachment of the periodontal ligament to the roots and surrounding alveolar bone. Establishment of this attachment isan important event in the regeneration of lost periodontal tissues. We examined whether or not odontoblast conditionedmedia(CM) have a regulatory influence on the differentiation and mineralization of cementoblasts(murine cementoblasticcell line, OCCM-30) in vitro. To identify the effect of odontoblast conditioned media and dentin non collagenous proteins(dNCPs) on cementoblast differentiation and mineralization, we treated CM and dNCPs to cementoblast then differentiatedthe cells for 14 days. To evaluate the formation of mineralized nodules alizarin-red S staining was performed at 0,4,7and 14 days. Expression of cementum matrix genes was measured by RT-PCR. Mineralization of cementoblasts was acceleratedwith CM from odontoblastic MDPC-23 and OD-11. The expression of BSP, ALP, and OC mRNA in cementoblasticOCCM-30 cells was facilitated by the MDPC-23 and OD-11 cells. The extracted dNCPs had little influence on theproliferation, cell cycle modification, and chemotaxis of OCCM-30 cells. Although the dNCPs did not exhibit chemotacticactivities for cementoblasts, the dNCPs promoted the differentiation and mineralization of cementoblasts. In conclusion,the dentin matrix protein, or the secreted products of odontoblast, facilitates cementoblast differentiation andmineralization. This represents a new approach and suggests another avenue for cementum regeneration.

The purpose of this study was to observe the histopathologic reaction in vital bone to various surface treatedimplants. For this purpose, ten New Zealand Albino rabbits, weighing 3.3 to 4kg were used as experimental animals. Allthe experimental groups divided into five groups; 1) Machined surface as control, 2) RBM(resorbable blast media), 3)RBM etched nitric acid solution, 4) RBM etched sodium hydroxide solution, 5) RBM etched acid, alkali, and heat treatedgroup on each. All the surfaces of implants were examined under the scannning electron microscope to distinguish thedifferences between each experimental groups compare to that on the control group. All the rabbits were implanted intothe tibial metaphyses of rabbits. On the 4th and 8th week after implantations, all the experimental rabbits weresacrificed. All the tissues containing each implanted materials were fixed in ethyl alcohol, and embedded in spurr resinas usual manner, sectioned in 10μm or more thickness, grinded, stained with the Villanuevaʼs osteochrome bone stainmethod and examined histopatholgically. For the fluorescence microscopic examination, three kind of fluorescence dyes,Oxytetracycline, Alizarin-Complexone, and Xylenol-Orange were injected to put into the bone to implant interface producedpolychromatic fluorescence labelling on the 1st week, 2nd week, and 5th week on each. On the 8th week after experiments,the animals sacrificed, and the tissues containing the implants were taken, fixed in ethyl alcohol and embeddedin spurr resin, sectioned, grounded 10um in thickness and examined under the fluorescence microscope. Followingresults were obtained; On the scanning electron microscopic examination of the implants, dull cracks, continuous linearindentations were revealed on the machined surface implant, irregular multiple leaflike eruptions on the RBM, and moresharp porous indentation with multiple complicated c rack s on the RBM acid etched surface, and more dull margins oncomplicated porous indentation on the RBM alkalic etched surface and more dull and less indented particles were notedon the RBM, acid, alkalic etched, heat treated surface, On the histopathologic examination, on the 4th week after experiment,complete osseointegation was noted between the implant and cortical bone on the collar and the apex lesion.and in parts, small newly formed bone spicules directly attached to the screws, and osteoid tissues were revealed inmarrow tissues, in all experimental groups. On the histopathologic examination, on the 8th week after experiment, osseointegrationis more increased compare to that on the 4th week group, the amount of bone trabeculae and osteoid tissuesdirectly fused to screw of implants were markedly increased. On fluorescence examination, band or linear shape waswitnessed on the boarder of compact bone and marrow tissues, and on bone trabeculae according to the formed age. andprecipitated as granular and globular shape on the haversian canals. These results indicate that the surface treatedmethod used for the present study render the implants compatible to bone tissue but the tissue compartibility is not differentamong the surface treated implants.

Demineralized Freeze Dried Bone(DFDB) graft material have been used for reconstruction of large bony defects or augmentationof thin alveolar ridge during implantation of titanium fixtures. But at present osteogenic effect of DFDB donot overcome the capacity of autogenic bone graft. Thus many investigators had applicated various bioactive substanceto DFDB to enhance the ability of osteogenesis of DFDB. In this study, mixture of grafting material was made from fibringlue(F) and DFDB(D)(group 1: F+D), fibrin glue, DFDB and rhBMP-2(B) (group 2: F+D+B), fibrin glue, DFDB, polylactic-co-glycolic acid(PLGA)(P) and rhBMP-2(goup 3: F+D+B+P), fibrin glue, DFDB, PLGA, rhBMP-2 and autogenic osteoblasts(O)(group 4: F+D+B+P+O), and fibrin glue, DFDB, autogenic osteoblasts (group 5: F+D+O). During first surgicalprocedure, extraction of molar teeth was performed at male Biggle dog's mandible, and collected bone marrow tissuefrom tibia at same Biggle dog. Collected bone marrow tissue was cultured and differentiated into osteoblasts in vitro,and stored in nitrogen bottle. After four months, titanium fixture was implanted with prepared graft material to Biggledog's mandible. After four and eight weeks respectively, experimental dog was sacrificed. Obtained tissues were preparedfor examination by using resin embedded ground section method. Prepared sections were evaluated with transmittedand polarized microscope, and areas of osteoid and cacified bone were calculated with IPTK 5.0( image processingtool kit version 5.0). Resultant data was statistically analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software. Results of this study showed thatautogenic osteoblats had more enhancing capacity of bone formation than rhBMP-2, but PLGA inhibited bone formingpotential of bony tissue.

Considering the great potential of iron chelators at inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells, in order to determinethe molecular and biological basis for the effects of iron chelator in oral cancer, we investigated the effects of ironchelator, desferrioxamine (DFO), on the gene profiling analysis of immortalized human oral keratinocytes (IHOK), andoral cancer cells (HN12), using the cDNA microarray. We identified 46 clones cDNA exhibiting more than 2 fold overexpressionin DFO treated IHOK and HN12 cells, and 94 cDNA reveal more than 2 fold down-regulated expression.Examination of gene expression that differs between DFO treated vs. control IHOK and HN12 cells apprear to be relatedto : cell cycle regulator, cell growth and apoptosis, signal transduction and stress. p21 for cell cell cycle factor was upregualted,and cyclin-cdk gene was decreased expression, so we observed cell cycle arrest in DFO treated IHOK andHN12 cells. In tumor growth, we have identified downregulation of hemidesmosomal protein (bullous pemphigoid antigen1) and epiregulin expression in DFO treated IHOK and oral cancer cells. Signal transducers including mitogen-activatedprotein kinase-activated protein kinase 5, serine/thereonine kinase 6 were downregulated with DFO treated cells, suggestingthe DFO regulates the p38 MAP kianse pathway in immortalized and maignant oral keratincytes. In conclusion,we have demonstrated the high-throughput utility of cDNA array hybridization in parallel to the gene expression analysisto identify genes that are expressed differentially in DFO treated with immortalized and malignant oral keratinocytes.The differentially expressed genes identified here should be informative in DFO-induced anti-cancer effects.

Angiogenesis is a process with a coordinated sequence of endothelial cell division, selective degradation of vascularbasement membranes, and surrounding extracellular matrix with migration of theses cells that result in a new capillarygrowth from preexisting vessels. These processes are controlled by numerous different molecules. Among these, VascularEndothelial Growth Factor(VEGF) is an endothelial cell-specific mitogen with a potent ability to induce microvessel permeabilityand angiogenesis. In this study, tissue samples of odontogenic keratocyst(10 cases), ameloblastoma(10 cases),adenomatoid odontogenic tumor(10 cases), calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor(10 cases), ameloblastic carcinoma(2 cases)were obtained, and all specimen were routinely fixed in 10% formalin and embedded. Serial 5μm thick sections werecut from paraffin blocks. And the immunohistochemical staining, characteristics of VEGF about the cyst & tumor wereobserved & obtaned the results from this study. We presume that the growth of cyst is depends on not a differentiationbut an epithelium & connective tissue. But, in odontogenic tumor, we presumed that the growth of tumor is influencedon inflammation & surrounding stimulus & vascular growth and supply. Therefore, it should be suggested that study onthe growth of tumor and vascularity must be carrying out in this immunohistochemical study.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of integrin α3 and integrin β1 in the ameloblastomas. For thisstudy, 10 specimens diagnosed as amoblastomas referred to the Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry,Kyung Hee University, and 5 specimens of normal oral mucosa without any inflammatory changes were used as experimentaland control groups, respectively. The ameloblastomas devided into follicular type, plexiform type, acanthomatoustype, and granular cell type. All specimens; experimental and control group were fixed in 10% neutral formalin solutionand embedded in paraffin, and then the serial tissue sections were made 5㎛ in thickness and processed for immunohistochemicalobservation. The specimens were incubated with primary antibody against integrin α3 or integrin β1,each was diluted at 1 : 100, followed by the Supersensitive non-biotin horse radish peroxidase detection system with DABas chromogen. After counterstaining with Gill's hematoxylin stain method and mounted, and examined under the lightmicroscope. Based on the intensity of the immunoreactivity, intensity of the immunity was scored no epithelial stain,weak or focal epithelial stain, moderate or focal intensive epithelial stain, intense generalized epithelial staining for theepithelial, and connective tissue component in ameloblastomas, and normal oral mucosa on each. Attained results asfollows. Expression of integrin α3 in the oral mucosa, weak reaction was noted on the all layers of epithelium, andsubmucosa. Expression of integrin β1 in the oral mucosa, intense reaction on the superficial layer, moderate reaction inbasal layer were shown. Expression of integrin α3 in ameloblastomas, it was noted that weak reaction on the ameloblastlike cells in the all types and rarely in basement membrane. Expression of integrin β1 in ameloblastomas, intense reactionon the tumor cell ,and partly in the nuclei in follicular type was noted, And moderate reaction on the tumor cellin plexiform , acathomatous types, but weak reaction in granular cell type was shown. This results result suggest thatintegrin α3 may influenced negligibly, but the integrin β1 influenced significantly the development of the ameloblastomasconsidering the response is increased on the region with highly cellular activities.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) occurs through a multistep process in which accumulated genetic alterations leadsto malignant transformation. Oral leukoplakia is a common premalignant lesion in oral mucosa and the incidence of cancerprogression into SCC has been reported to be 0~43%. The genetic alterations of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genesand DNA repair genes occur during carcinogenesis. In order to evaluate the role of epithelial cells in the early stage ofcarcinogenesis, we analyzed the alterations of genetic heterogeneity in epithelial cells of oral leukoplakia samples, usingLaser capture microdissection(LCM). The incidence rate of microsatellite instability(MSI) and loss of heterozygosity(LOH)were analysed from the DNA of epithelial cells from 16 leukoplakia samples using adjacent fibroblasts as a normalcontrol. In this study, LOH was found in epithelial cells of all 16 cases of leukoplakias while MSI has been observed in3 cases. Interestingly, the fibroblasts showed LOH and MSI in some cases, which was confirmed by DNA sequencing.Taken together, this study showed that leukoplakia has multiple genetic alterations in fibroblasts as well as in epithelialcells, suggesting that interaction between epithelial cells and fibroblasts might be involved in the early step ofcarcinogenesis.

Most of mucous retention phenomena occurred in the mucous secretory glands, i.e., minor salivary gland, sublingualgland and submandibular gland. The mucous retention cyst from parotid gland has been very rarely reported in theliterature. As the parotid gland is composed of serous acini, the serous saliva is less likely to produce the retentionphenomenon in the ducts or extraductal tissue. Here, a case of mucous retention cyst in parotid gland wasdemonstrated. The patient of this case has been complaining of recurrent swelling of right cheek in parotid gland area,and showed a feature of chronic sialadenitis or benign salivary gland tumor. The extravasated serous saliva was diffuselydispersed into the adjacent connective tissue, forming an ill-defined cyst cavity with hyalinized sclerotic luminalsurface. The inflammatory reaction was relatively mild compared to the extensive destruction of periglandular connectivetissue. However, the typical foamy macrophage was not seen but the infiltrated macrophages containing abundant eosinophiliccytoplasm. The mucous retention phenomenon could be very rare in parotid gland, which is also easily distinguishablefrom chronic sialadenitis or benign tumor through pathological examination.

Some sports players use dental mouth guards to reduce the risk of orofacial trauma. Althoug mouth guard have beenshown to protect against orofacial injury, many players do not use them during training and playing because of discomfortand breathing problems. This study was performed to measure the alteration of respirotory volume during wearthe mouth guard. I checked 5 D university male students ventlation with and without mouth guard in steady state. Airflow and volume were decreased during wearing Mouth guards compare to not wering. It suggested that mouth guardwould have change the ventilation patterns.

The purpose of this study were to effects of resistance training on motor control function (latency, adaptation) in oldadult. Sixty health adults who were mean age 75 years and were qualified the health test without any special diseaseparticipated for this study. Subjects were assigned to either the exercise group(n=30) or non exercise group(n=30). TheExercise group involved in resistance training with exercise ball and elastic tubing 60minute a day, three time per week,for 16 weeks. They performed all exercise at RPE 12-13 and one to three sets of 12-15 repetitions for each of resistanceexercise. The equipment used for balance test was the computerized dynamic posturography by NeuroCom EquiTest. Thetwo-way repeated measurement ANOVA and paired t test and repeated t test for post hoc were used for the data analysisto verity the hypothesis with significant level for hypothesis rejection at 0.05. The results of two-way repeatedmeasurement ANOVA was significant difference latency score observed between exercise pre and post in condition 1, 3.These results suggest that resistance programs utilizing elastic tubing, exercise ball can serve as a practical and effectivemeans of eliciting motor control development in adult over the age of 65.

In order to investigate phenotype and genotype of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis, Forty-eightS. Enteritidis isolates from diarrhea patients were analysed using antimicrobial resistance typing, Phage typing, andPulsed field gel electrophoresis in Seoul from 2004 to 2005. All of S. Enteritidis were resistant to streptomycin(SM,37.5%), ampicillin(AM, 43.8%), t icarcillin(TIC, 43.8%), chloramphenicol(CM, 29.2%), t etracycline(TE, 10 .4%) and nalidixicacid(NA, 18.8%) among 16 antimicrobial drugs. Of 48 S. Enteritidis, 8 isolates(16.7%) were resistant to 1 drug, 3 isolates(6.3%) to 2 drugs, 1 isolate (2.1%) to 3 drugs and 17 isolates(35.7%) to 4 drugs. The basic pattern of 4 drugs resistancewas SM, TIC, TE, and CM but 1 drug resistant isolates represent all nalidixic acid resistance. Among 30 antibioticr esistant S . Enteritidis, 2 1 isolates(70 %) were phage type 2 1, 8 i solates(26.7%) were phage t ype 2 3 and 1 isolate(3.3%) was RDNC, respectively. Of the phage types observed, all of phage type 23(8 isolates) were nalidixic acid resistantand phage type 21 were AM-TIC-SM-CM multi-resistance(13 isolates; 43.3%), AM-TIC-SM-TE(4 isolates; 13.3%),AM-TIC-SM(1 isolate; 3.3%), AM-TIC-CM(1 isolate; 3.3%), and AM-TIC(2 isolates; 6.7%) resistance and 1 isolate ofRDNC was NA-TE resistance. PFGE divided the isolates into two major clusters, A(n=14) and B(n=14). There were fourdifferent resistance profiles with resistance to AM, TIC, SM, TE, NA within PFGE A. Also resistance to AM, TIC, SM,CM was common within PFGE B. The PFGE A strains typed as PT21(n=5), PT23(n=8), and RDNC(n=1), While all thePFGE B strains typed as PT21(n=14). In consequence, there was the highly significant concurrence between resistancetyping, phage typing and PFGE.